B2278: Steering shaft torque sensor or steering column signal fault
What Does B2278 Mean?
B2278 is a diagnostic trouble code associated with steering shaft torque sensor or steering column signal fault. FixIt has matched this code to 60 NHTSA owner reports across 1 vehicle model; the strongest signal is Ford Escape.
This page prioritizes real-world complaint patterns over generic lookup-table text. Use B2278 as the starting point, then confirm the exact manufacturer definition with a scan tool that can read the affected module. Do not replace expensive modules from the code alone; validate power, ground, wiring, sensor data, and companion codes first.
Symptoms of B2278
- ⚠️ Power steering warning light or steering assist warning message
- ⚠️ Intermittent or complete loss of electric steering assist
- ⚠️ Heavier steering effort at low speed
- ⚠️ ABS, stability control, or traction warnings may appear with related faults
Common Causes
- 🔍 Steering column torque sensor signal out of range
- 🔍 Damaged wiring or connector at the steering column or steering control module
- 🔍 Low system voltage affecting steering assist modules
- 🔍 Failed steering column/EPAS module after confirming power, ground, and network communication
B2278 Reports by Year
Real Owner Reports
From NHTSA complaint database — actual owner descriptions.
"The contact owns a 2008 Ford Escape. The contact stated that while stopped at a light and attempting to make a turn, the steering wheel became inoperable. The contact stated that the steering wheel seized and became difficult to turn, and a crescent wrench warning light was illuminated. The vehicle was taken to the dealer, where the contact was provided error code B2278 and informed that the steering column motor had"
— Ford Escape owner, 12/01/2025
"Power steering went out and the steering wheel is very hard to turn. Yes the vehicle is available for inspection upon request. While driving my steering wheel became hard to turn so I almost got into an accident. I have taken the car to a service dealer and they stated that the power steering column needed to be replaced codes that they got were b2277 and b2278. A warning came across the dashboard saying "power steer"
— Ford Escape owner, 12/10/2022
"While driving in a city at about 30mph, my power steering froze and I could not easily make a turn. As a result, I had to stop on the side of the road and inspect what went on. A 'wrench' and a warning control light came on stating 'power steering assist failure'. I was able to drive slowly to my mechanic, with a very limited steering, to diagnose the issue. The error code that appeared on the diagnostic interface wa"
— Ford Escape owner, 02/07/2023
Source: NHTSA Complaints Database
Most Reported Vehicles for B2278
Based on NHTSA owner complaint data.
| # | Vehicle | Reports |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | FORD ESCAPE | 60 |
B2278 Reports by Vehicle
Detailed NHTSA complaint analysis for each vehicle model.
Diagnostic Tips
- Scan the steering, ABS, and body modules with a tool that reads manufacturer-specific B-codes
- Inspect steering column connectors and harness routing before replacing parts
- Verify battery voltage, charging voltage, module grounds, and related communication codes
- Replace or recalibrate the steering column/torque sensor assembly only after signal testing confirms the fault
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- ❌ Replacing a control module before checking battery voltage, grounds, and connectors.
- ❌ Using a generic scanner that cannot read ABS, body, steering, or network modules for this code family.
- ❌ Clearing the code without recording freeze-frame data and companion codes first.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does B2278 mean?
Can I drive with B2278?
What should I check first for B2278?
What To Do Next
Possible Fixes
- 🔧 Scan the steering, ABS, and body modules with a tool that reads manufacturer-specific B-codes
- 🔧 Inspect steering column connectors and harness routing before replacing parts
- 🔧 Verify battery voltage, charging voltage, module grounds, and related communication codes
- 🔧 Replace or recalibrate the steering column/torque sensor assembly only after signal testing confirms the fault
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Find your vehicle above
Click your make and model for real owner reports and common causes specific to your vehicle.
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Check for recalls
Go to nhtsa.gov/recalls and enter your VIN. Free repairs if covered.
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Get a professional diagnosis
A code alone doesn't identify the exact failed part. A diagnostic ($50–$150) pinpoints the root cause.